Spacecraft Reentry Optimization

NGSS Alignment

HS-ETS1-2

Design a solution to a complex real-world problem by breaking it down into smaller, more manageable problems.

HS-ETS1-4

Use a computer simulation to model the impact of proposed solutions to a complex real-world problem with numerous criteria and constraints on interactions within and between systems relevant to the problem.

Phenomenon & Task

Returning a spacecraft to Earth is one of the most difficult engineering challenges. As a spacecraft hits the atmosphere at orbital velocities, immense kinetic energy is converted into heat, creating a superheated plasma. Concurrently, the spacecraft experiences massive deceleration (G-forces). If the heat shield fails, the spacecraft burns up. If the deceleration is too severe, the crew or sensitive payload will not survive. How can you design a reentry vehicle by optimizing mass, heat shield size, entry angle, and material to ensure survival within constraints?

Vehicle Parameters

3000 kg
3.5 m
-5.0°

Steeper angles = deeper atmosphere faster.

Telemetry & Visualization

Peak Temp

--- °C

Limit: 2500°C

Max G-Force

--- G

Limit: 8.0 G

Awaiting Simulation

Trial Data

Tr# Mass Diam Ang Temp G's Res